The menstrual cycle is a regular process that occurs in women of reproductive age. It involves the release of an egg from the ovary and the shedding of the lining of the uterus. Understanding it can help women to better understand their bodies and be aware of any changes or issues that may arise. Here is a basic breakdown:

The Menstrual Phase

The menstrual phase is the first stage of the menstrual cycle, and it marks the beginning of a new cycle.

It is characterized by the shedding of the uterine lining, which occurs when an unfertilized egg from the previous cycle is not implanted in the uterus. This bleeding typically lasts for three to seven days.

The Follicular Phase

After the menstrual phase, the follicular phase begins. During this phase, the body prepares to release an egg from the ovary. The pituitary gland in the brain releases follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), which stimulates the growth of a follicle in one of the ovaries.

This follicle contains an immature egg that will eventually be released during ovulation.

The Ovulatory Phase

The ovulatory phase is the midpoint of the menstrual cycle, and it occurs when the mature egg is released from the ovary. This typically happens around day 14 of a 28-day cycle, although it can vary from woman to woman. The egg travels through the fallopian tube towards the uterus, where it may be fertilized by sperm.

The Luteal Phase

After ovulation, the luteal phase begins. During this phase, the ruptured follicle in the ovary becomes the corpus luteum, which produces progesterone.

This hormone prepares the uterus for the possibility of pregnancy by thickening the lining of the uterus. If the egg is fertilized and implants in the uterus, pregnancy begins. If not, the corpus luteum breaks down and the progesterone levels drop, signaling the start of a new menstrual cycle.

The Menstrual Cycle and Fertility

The menstrual cycle plays a crucial role in fertility. Women are most fertile during the ovulatory phase, when the mature egg is released from the ovary.

Tracking your menstrual cycle can help you to identify your fertile days and increase your chances of conceiving.

The menstrual cycle is a complex process that occurs in women of reproductive age. Everyone’s cycle is unique to their bodies, lifestyles and health conditions. Understanding your own cycle can help you better understand your body and identify any changes or issues that may arise. If you have any questions or concerns, request a gynecological exam with our experienced providers at New River Women’s health.